Agnethe Evensdatter Sørum1

#163, (19 December 1849-19 July 1901)
FatherEven Evensen Sørum (2 May 1824-)
MotherLisbeth Simensdatter Lundgård (24 Aug 1824-)
ChartsBarbara Nicholson - ancestors
Last Edited13 Aug 2023
WikiTree ID:https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Sörum-42.
Anita Sorum
     NOTE: The information on this page is my research to date and is subject to change as I become better informed. I very much welcome any corrections or additional info you might have - my email address is at the bottom of this page. Whilst historical facts are not copyright, my writing about these facts are. If you wish to use any text from this site on Ancestry or on any other website, please ask me first - Tim Hill.
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Agnethe Evensdatter Sørum was also known as Agnetta.2 Agnethe Evensdatter Sørum was also known as Agnette E. Sörum.3 Agnethe was born at Lundgård farm on Wednesday, 19 December 1849 at near the village of Ottestad Stange Parish, Hedmark, Norway.4,5,6 She was the daughter of Even Evensen Sørum and Lisbeth Simensdatter Lundgård. Agnethe Evensdatter Sørum was baptised on Sunday, 3 March 1850 at Ottestad, Stange Parish, Hedmark, Norway.4 Agnethe Evensdatter Sørum was likely named for her aunt Agnethe Evensdatter Glestadeie. She moved with her parents to Hamar, Hedmark, Norway, on 3 May 1852. Hamar is a large riverport town. Evidently this wasn't a permanent move as they were back in Stange in later years.7 She presumably lived with her parents at at Sveen farm near the village of Ottestad Stange Parish, Hedmark, Norway, in October 1854.8 She moved with her parents to at Glestad farm near the village of Byflaten Ringsaker Parish, Hedmark, Norway, mid 1855. Glæstad is a small town 34km to the north west of Stange.9 As of July 1855, Agnethe Evensdatter Sørum was also known as Agnete Glestadeie (in the Norwegian tradition) when she was at this farm.5 She was confirmed in October 1864 at at Veldre farm Ringsaker Parish, Hedmark, Norway. It was remarked that her character was good.5

She was recorded as living with her parents and younger siblings Karen, Syverine, Even and Christian in the 1865 census at at Sveum farm Ringsaker Parish, Hedmark, Norway. She was recorded as being 17 years old.10 She presumably lived with her parents at at Sørum farm near the town of Ringsaker Parish, Hedmark, Norway, on 1 June 1867. Their children were also likely living with them.11 On Wednesday, 27 April 1870 her parents and all of her siblings emigrated from Christiania (now Oslo), Norway, on the "Josephine" bound for Canada and eventually the US. It is unclear what circumstances led to her remaining in Norway.12,13

When she emigrated, her home place was given as Ringsaker Parish, Hedmark, Norway, 120 km north of Oslo.1

At the age of 22 Agnethe emigrated from Christiania (now Oslo) on 18 July 1872 on the St. Olaf. This was the first step of their emigration to New Zealand.1

Agnethe sought and obtained assisted passage to New Zealand as a 'maid servant.14' Agnethe arrived at Hamburg, Germany, on 20 July 1872.1


At the age of 22 Agnethe emigrated from Hamburg on 28 July 1872 on the 'Palmerston'. The ship was a 950 ton four masted iron ship, built as a steamer and convered into a sailing ship.15

A contemporary account of the voyage was kept by one of the passengers on 10 August 1872:
"10 August 1872 Bad behaviour of two German girls who went to bed in the evening with two of the ships sailormen, it came before the Captain who went to the sailors quarters with a whip in his hand and laid it on pretty heavy on the cohabiters in bed, and the unlucky poor girls had to leave the sailors sweet company, with the only garment of a nightdress and had to wait for their clothing till late next morning. Small quantities of black ryebread was supplied to each platoon or ward, and then dog biscuits. All our black bread we had from Hamburg is consumed by this time, only liquid now."16



They were subject to duplicitious behaviour from the captain on 25 August 1872:
"25 August 1872 One man dead today belonging to Norway. He was a widower and had 4 children. The three he left in Christiana and the fourth which was 10 years of age was on board. With him a rumour was circulated amongst the passengers that the man had been stealing a bottle of poison from some person on board so as to poison himself thereby."

However, this was untrue - he was killed by the crew botching the weekly fumigation.

"Some ugly rumour soon passes amongst the passengers relating to the poor mans death, that gave the Captain some concern, as he did not like to have an investigation of the unlucky circumstances after the arrival in New Zealand because he would know it would likely be a serious matter for him and the steward, therefore he told the people on board that it was his intention to take the boy belonging to the dead man to bring him up himself as he had no children. That promise gave satisfaction to some of the passengers, not knowing the devious side of that promise by the Captain. The boy (later noted), was kept on board the ship until the last day before going away then the boy was told that he was to travel along with some person to serve in Oamaru district and to have a different name instead of his own. That was meant so he could not be traced by any of his ships companions, so ended that honourable promise of a German Ships Captain."17



During the voyage they traversed some extremes of climate on 16 September 1872:
"16 September 1872 We are nearly over the strong hot climate ... our passage across that Godforsaken part of our travel lasted almost for three weeks, and full of suffering for good many of the passengers. The first part of the three weeks was very still scarcely a breath of wind and in consequence thereof did the rigging of ropes and tackle stretch and constantly slack and therewith make an intolerable noise to such an extent that it seemed that the whole rigmarole would break down ... our water tanks were almost empty at these times and the little which was left got rotten of the abominable heat and was churned backward and forward in the tanks. Then there was the rust from the old iron chains, so a good dose of vinegar was put down in the few buckets of water so as to take the bad taste of rust, for all that it was a horrible drink. It made even coffee or tea smell and tasted rotten"

However relief was not far away.

"it started with a down pour of rain like it came from a sluice gate. Men and boys undressed themselves and laid down on the deck for a warm bath and drank rain water till they were nearly bursting. Canvas was spread in the lower rigging so as to catch the rain water for the tanks."17



It was not an easy voyage on 13 November 1872:
"13 November 1872 Until today's date are 17 children born and 15 dead in this ship all told, of less than 300 passengers and far from the end of the voyage. It is today the Captains Birthday, consequently a great flare up in the evening and all the men got a big knobler of brandy and the women folk got wine. The children each a packet of currants and prunes. And afterwards dancing and also some sing song. For all that, the corpse of a boy was laying ready for to be sent to the bottom of the Pacific Ocean. But he was put at the one end and the dancing was at the other end of the married passengers saloon."

The diarist described the accomodation:

"I will give a little description of the interior of that Compartment which serves for bedrooms, dining room, sitting room, tea room, and I may mention dressing room also and in bad weather as laundry. Therefore it cannot be wondered at that so many unlucky children have to go overboard and the worst of all in extra bad weather the Gangway from below on to the deck is always blocked by fastening the hatches over the sternway to prevent the seawater and heavy rain to come down in the Saloon which contains first, second, and third class passengers, but no distinction in the crowd. We are all as one in our unhappiness and painful surrounds, Because here in this ship are happenings going on which can baffle and astonish the most astute person. Our Quarter (excuse me) Saloon is midship about 130 feet long and the full width of the ship, 40 ft.
The bunks or shall I call them beds are on the two and two principle, one above the other and 3 ft 6 in broad but how long I will not mention ... the seats along the tables, for we have no chairs, are top heavy and cannot stand by themselves when they are not lashed by weight of occupation when heavy seas are running and that is almost every day and night. This is called the Pacific Ocean, but oh what a misnomer - truly. The single mens habitation is forward of ours and girls or unmarried women just behind, the reverse would not do as the crew occupy the forward part and the Captain and the Doctor and other officers also as well as the Hospital and Chemist Shop."17

After a voyage of about 5 months Agnethe arrived at Canterbury, New Zealand, on 16 December 1872.15,18


The 'Otago Witness' reported on the passengers from the 'Palmerston' on 28 December 1872:
"The German and Scandinavian passengers per Palmerston were admitted to pratique on Monday, and brought to town by the first trip of the P.S. Golden Age. They look a fine, tall, and healthy lot. The families from this ship who have been infected with scarlatina are located at the small island, the two cases affected being looked after in isolated tents on the island, while the others are located in lighters in attendance."19

She presumably lived with her spouse Robert at Dowling Street, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand, in 1880.20

The four births recorded to Robert and Agnethe in New Zealand (and their first child born in Australia) are all recorded under the surname 'Sorum'. Was this a reflection of them being unmarried? Or an issue with record keeping?

A newspaper advertisment was placed for "Miss Sorum (late Shamrock Hotel)" stating that a situation was awaiting her at the Labour Exchange.21

She may have married Robert Cheyne, son of James McCheyne and Elizabeth Hawthorne, circa 1882 at New Zealand. Robert's death certificate indicates that he was married at the age of 29, and Agnette's stated she married at age 28. However, the birth certificate for their second child (born in 1884 when they were both older than these stated ages) indicates that they were not, at least at that stage, married...22,23,24

On Friday, 24 March 1882 in the Resident Magistrates Court, an A. Sorum claimed £5 2s from an R. Cheyne - was this Robert and Agnethe? The defendant didn't appear and so was required to pay the outstanding amount with 14 days, or do a week's gaol time.25 Agnethe Evensdatter Sørum was also known as Agnette Cheyne.23 She presumably lived with her spouse Robert at Castle Street, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand, in 1887.26

Agnethe and her husband Robert emigrated from New Zealand circa March 1888.23 Agnethe and her husband Robert arrived at Melbourne circa March 1888.23


Agnethe, aged 39 and Robert Cheyne became the parents of Violet Barbara Cheyne on Thursday, 11 April 1889 at Flemington Road, in North Melbourne, Victoria. Violet was probably born at home. On her birth certificate, Violet has the fore-names of "Violet Barbara Cheyne" and the place where her father's details and the date and place of their marriage is blank (so her birth is listed under her mother's surname). However, Robert Cheyne is the informant and stated he was the father. It may be that this was due to two factors. Firstly, Robert may have felt that he was somehow still liable for repercussions due to his run-ins with the law when he was a teenager, and because he and Agnette were likely unmarried..27

The family lived in three houses in quick succession; in 1891 they were firstly at 63 Flemington Road, North Melbourne; then at 16 Gardner street in Richmond, then at 10 James Street Fitzroy where they settled and stayed until the turn of the century. This was a 5 room house owned by a Henry Wernberg.28,29,30,31 Agnethe Evensdatter Sørum witnessed the confirmation of her daughter Lily Hawthorne Cheyne on 11 July 1897 at St. Peter's Eastern Hill, in Melbourne.32 Agnethe (and presumably her spouse Robert) lived in July 1901 at at 116 Fitzroy Street in the Melbourne suburb of Fitzroy.24,33 Agnethe Evensdatter Sørum was a housewife in July 1901.24

Agnethe died at home on 19 July 1901 at Fitzroy at age 51 of cancer of the uterus and heart failure after 18 months of 'severe suffering'.24,34 Her body was interred at Melbourne General Cemetery on 22 July 1901 at the Melbourne suburb of Carlton. Section DD, Grave number 1244A. The inscription reads: "In loving memory of our dear parents Agnette CHEYNE died 19 Jul 1901 age 50 yrs. Robert CHEYNE died 1 Mar 1913 age 60 yrs. also their son Arthur Alfred died 14 May 1907 age 19 yrs".24,35

Timeline

DateEventPlace
Family
1849Birth at Lundgård farm near the village of Ottestad Stange Parish, Hedmark, Norway4,5,6
1850BaptismOttestad, Stange Parish, Hedmark, Norway4
1850Namesake
1864Confirmation at Veldre farm Ringsaker Parish, Hedmark, Norway5
1872Note memo only CR CRRingsaker Parish, Hedmark, Norway1
1872Emigratn-newChristiania (now Oslo), Norway1
Note memo only CR CR14
1872Immigratn-newHamburg, Germany1
1872Emigratn-newHamburg15
1872Quotation type 216
1872Quotation type 217
1872Quotation type 217
1872Quotation type 217
1872Immigratn-newCanterbury, New Zealand15,18
1872Quotation type 219
Note memo only CR CR
1881Note memo only CR CR21
1882Marriage-candidateNew Zealand22,23,24
1882Note memo only CR CR25
1901Residence at 116 Fitzroy Street in the Melbourne suburb of Fitzroy24,33
1901Occupation24
1901DeathFitzroy24,34
1901Burial at Melbourne General Cemetery in the Melbourne suburb of Carlton24,35

Family

Robert Cheyne (c 1853-1 Mar 1913)
Children

Citations

  1. [S1436] Norway, Emigration Records, 1867-1960 Ancestry.com, Name: Agnethe Evensdatter Sørum; Gender: Kvinnelig; Emigration Age: 23; Birth Date: 1849; Last Known Residence Place: Ringsaker; Emigration Date: 20 jul 1872; Emigration Place: Oslo, Norge; Emigration Ship: St. Olaf: Relationship: Pige (Girl); Household Members: 8.
  2. [S265] Victoria, Death Certificate, Registry of Births, Deaths & Marriages 1962 No.18914.
  3. [S754] Hamburger Passagierlisten, 1850-1934 Ancestry.com, Name: Agnette E Sörum; Departure Date: 28 Jul 1872; Destination: Neuseeland (New Zealand); Port of Arrival: Neu Seeland; Volume: 373-7 I, VIII A 1 Band 027 A (for name).
  4. [S1439] Stange prestekontor [Strange Parish] The National Archives of Norway, Stange prestekontor, SAH/PREST-002/K/L0011: Ministerialbok nr. 11, 1846-1852, s. 73.
  5. [S1439] Stange prestekontor [Strange Parish] The National Archives of Norway, Church book for Ringsaker parish 1861-1869 (0412P) pk00000001446465 https://www.digitalarkivet.no/view/279/pk00000001446465
  6. [S1439] Stange prestekontor [Strange Parish] The National Archives of Norway, Church book for Ringsaker parish 1861-1869 (0412P) pk00000001446465 https://www.digitalarkivet.no/view/279/pk00000001446465 (Her birthdate is also mentioned on her confirmation document.).
  7. [S1439] Stange prestekontor [Strange Parish] The National Archives of Norway, Church book for Stange parish 1846-1852 (0417P) pu00000000039540 https://www.digitalarkivet.no/view/291/pu00000000039540
  8. [S1439] Stange prestekontor [Strange Parish] The National Archives of Norway, Church book for Stange parish 1835-1845 (0417P) pd00000025217215 https://www.digitalarkivet.no/en/view/255/pd00000025217215
  9. [S1439] Stange prestekontor [Strange Parish] The National Archives of Norway, Church book from Stange parish 1852-1862 (0417P) PERMANENT ID: hu00000000084676 https://www.digitalarkivet.no/view/289/hu00000000084676
  10. [S1440] National Census for Norway, 1865 (online image) Census year: 1865; City: Ringsaker; County: Hedmark; County Number: 04; Counting District: Sveum; Counting District Number: 0062; Enumeration District: Enger; Enumeration District Number: 009.
  11. [S1443] Ringsaker prestekontor [Ringsaker Parish] The National Archives of Norway, Church book from Ringsaker parish 1814-1826 (0412P) pd00000010167773 https://www.digitalarkivet.no/en/view/255/pd00000010167773
  12. [S1442] Norway Heritage - Hands across the sea (http://www.norwayheritage.com/) http://www.norwayheritage.com/p_ship.asp?sh=josef (for date of departure and arrival).
  13. [S1441] Norway, Emigration Records, 1867-1960 Last Known Residence Place:     Vinger [Ringsaker]; Emigration Date:     22 Apr.; Emigration Place: Oslo, Norge; Emigration Ship: Jasefine [Josephine].
  14. [S757] New Zealand Passenger Lists, 1839-1973 www.familysearch.org, Name: Agnetta E Sorum, Event Type: Immigration; Event Date: 16 Dec 1872; Event Place: Canterbury, New Zealand; Departure Date: 1872; Arrival Port: Canterbury; Digital Folder Number: 004411660; Image Number: 00008.
  15. [S754] Hamburger Passagierlisten, 1850-1934 Ancestry.com, Name: Agnette E Sörum; Departure Date: 28 Jul 1872; Destination: Neuseeland (New Zealand); Port of Arrival: Neu Seeland; Volume: 373-7 I, VIII A 1 Band 027 A.
  16. [S755] The Voyage of The Palmerston 1872 (http://andreassend.blogspot.com.au/2009/12/…) (Diary of Christen Christensen,
    A passenger onboard The Palmerston
    Written and translated from Danish
    Arrived in Hamburg on the 21st July 1872.

    Left there 29th July two children died in Hamburg.

    August 1, entered into North Sea in heavy storm nearly everybody seasick. On the 4, one little child dead. Strong head wind, which drove the ship backwards for a good number of miles, which nearly brought the ship on the Cliffs of Heligoland. 6. Entered the English Channel.

    7. Dropped anchor opposite Dover on the coast.

    August 8. Left the Channel in fine weather and fair wind from the North.

    9. A female child born by an unmarried woman from Jutland.

    10. Bad behaviour of two German girls who went to bed in the evening with two of the ships sailormen, it came before the Captain who went to the sailors quarters with a whip in his hand and laid it on pretty heavy on the cohabiters in bed, and the unlucky poor girls had to leave the sailors sweet company, with the only garment of a nightdress and had to wait for their clothing till late next morning. Small quantities of black ryebread was supplied to each platoon or ward, and then dog biscuits. All our black bread we had from Hamburg is consumed by this time, only liquid now. Wind West.

    14. We are now in Atlantic Ocean with good wind from the West.

    15. One little child dead the parents belong to Sweden.

    23. A female child dead belong to Sealands parents. South East wind. We can at this time see fishes double the size of horses.

    24. One little child dead belonging to Polish parents.

    25. Last night we come into trade wind and the passengers therefore had some enjoyment as a number of rockets and other fireworks were sent heavenward. We passed today the Island Maderia. Now we have sailed one month, and have now steady eastern wind.
    One man dead today belonging to Norway. He was a widower and had 4 children. The three he left in Christiana and the fourth which was 10 years of age was on board. With him a rumour was circulated amongst the passengers that the man had been stealing a bottle of poison from some person on board so as to poison himself thereby. But that was not so, that was done so as to hide away the real fact, which was done by one of the stewards on board who had to attend to the fumigation of all the occupied quarters below the main deck. It was done once a week by ordering all the passengers below up on to the main deck for the time of fumigation, and the Stewards duty was to see everybody had left below before he started the steaming or rather smoking and to see all hatches and ventilators closed up as to keep all the fumes from escaping. Then the steward brought down two or three buckets of Stockholm tar and placed them on a creating and lighted a coal fire so as to bring the contents to boil for about an hour. But the steward had overlooked to see into the beds so as to make certain that all the people were out, and they were not because this Norwegian was still in his bed sleeping. Afterwards when the people went down again the man was discovered dead in his bed, of suffocation no doubt of the strong poisoned gases from the boiling tar.
    Some ugly rumour soon passes amongst the passengers relating to the poor mans death, that gave the Captain some concern, as he did not like to have an investigation of the unlucky circumstances after the arrival in New Zealand because he would know it would likely be a serious matter for him and the steward, therefore he told the people on board that it was his intention to take the boy belonging to the dead man to bring him up himself as he had no children. That promise gave satisfaction to some of the passengers, not knowing the devious side of that promise by the Captain. The boy (later noted), was kept on board the ship until the last day before going away then the boy was told that he was to travel along with some person to serve in Oamaru district and to have a different name instead of his own. That was meant so he could not be traced by any of his ships companions, so ended that honourable promise of a German Ships Captain.

    27th August died my lovely little daughter Annabel Christensen at 11.00 pm after 5 weeks illness. She was born on the 12 December 1870 and was 1 year 8 months and 15 days old.

    Today Monday the 9 September died a four year old child born in Thyland north part of Jutland. These people had two children and both have died on the ship.

    12. Dead a three year old child belonging to Polish parents.

    16. A Norwegian girl gave birth to a stillborn child.
    We are nearly over the strong hot climate which is just the middle center between the North and South Poles called the Sun Line, our passage across that Godforsaken part of our travel lasted almost for three weeks, and full of suffering for good many of the passengers. The first part of the three weeks was very still scarcely a breath of wind and in consequence thereof did the rigging of ropes and tackle stretch and constantly slack and therewith make an intolerable noise to such an extent that it seemed that the whole rigmarole would break down, and so did the topyard on the main mast. It was brought on deck in two pieces in the awful rolling of the ship on account of the heavy seas. But the worst of all was that our water tanks were almost empty at these times and the little which was left got rotten of the abominable heat and was churned backward and forward in the tanks. Then there was the rust from the old iron chains, so a good dose of vinegar was put down in the few buckets of water so as to take the bad taste of rust, for all that it was a horrible drink. It made even coffee or tea smell and tasted rotten. A lot of people could be seen after drinking to spit and cough for to cleanse their mouth. But the last half of their ungodly plimas time was a relief so far as water is concerned because it started with a down pour of rain like it came from a sluice gate. Men and boys undressed themselves and laid down on the deck for a warm bath and drank rain water till they were nearly bursting. Canvas was spread in the lower rigging so as to catch the rain water for the tanks.

    On the 17 September we saw Cliffs of stone as big as an ordinary City that was what is called St Paul's Rock, Height 3042 Ft. A young single man dead.

    Wednesday 18th September. My wife has born us a daughter at half past eleven last night.

    29. Very calm.

    October 2. Today's sailing has been very slow as the wind is coming from the West which is against our course. Just now it blows almost in full force and heavy waves dash against the ships and some of them come aboard. A person cannot stand or go without holding on to something. During the day heavy snow has been coming down. It is the first snow we have seen on this side of the Equator.

    5. It is very cold. We must take to our woolen garments and underwear. We have still stormy weather in the passage at the southwest coast of Africa which is called the Cape of Good Hope, or in Danish the Gode Haabs Forgerg, but of course the ship was perhaps 400 or 500 miles out in the Pacific Ocean at the time.

    6. There was some misunderstanding between Danish and Norwegian companions, against some Germans.

    7. October last night at 2 0'clock died a boy of one and a half years belonging to a Shellan parent, Yensen by name, the little fellow had been ill for about three weeks.

    11. A girl born by a Polish married woman.

    29. Died a girl by name of Serinne belonging to some place in Jutland.

    November 1st. A son is born of a Swedish mans wife. My son Christian has been laid up in the Hospital for 8 days suffering of scarlet fever, but will soon be well again.

    November 3. My son Christian is out from Hospital today. A Polish married women has born a female child.

    November 8. Died a boy seven and a half years old, his parents come from Jutland.

    13. Died one and a half year old boy belonging to Polish parents. Until today's date are 17 children born and 15 dead in this ship all told, of less than 300 passengers and far from the end of the voyage.
    It is today the Captains Birthday, consequently a great flare up in the evening and all the men got a big knobler of brandy and the women folk got wine. The children each a packet of currants and prunes. And afterwards dancing and also some sing song. For all that, the corpse of a boy was laying ready for to be sent to the bottom of the Pacific Ocean. But he was put at the one end and the dancing was at the other end of the married passengers saloon.
    I will give a little description of the interior of that Compartment which serves for bedrooms, dining room, sitting room, tea room, and I may mention dressing room also and in bad weather as laundry. Therefore it cannot be wondered at that so many unlucky children have to go overboard and the worst of all in extra bad weather the Gangway from below on to the deck is always blocked by fastening the hatches over the sternway to prevent the seawater and heavy rain to come down in the Saloon which contains first, second, and third class passengers, but no distinction in the crowd. We are all as one in our unhappiness and painful surrounds, Because here in this ship are happenings going on which can baffle and astonish the most astute person. Our Quarter (excuse me) Saloon is midship about 130 feet long and the full width of the ship, 40 ft.
    The bunks or shall I call them beds are on the two and two principle, one above the other and 3 ft 6 in broad but how long I will not mention. In front of all the beds is nice seats made of nine inves boards, no doubt for comfort. The dinner tables are constructed so as to be hung up under the desk to allow more floor space when not needed to serve for our dainty menu or meals. The seats along the tables, for we have no chairs, are top heavy and cannot stand by themselves when they are not lashed by weight of occupation when heavy seas are running and that is almost every day and night. This is called the Pacific Ocean, but oh what a misnomer - truly. The single mens habitation is forward of ours and girls or unmarried women just behind, the reverse would not do as the crew occupy the forward part and the Captain and the Doctor and other officers also as well as the Hospital and Chemist Shop.

    November 17th. A girl is born of a Shetland parent.

    27. A girl born of Polish parents.

    29. We had a narrow escape as the ship in a dense dark spell was within a few feet of a towering cliff which the Captain stated in the morning was not marked on the sea chart. If the ship had got in touch with the rock there would likely not have been anybody left to tell the horrible result of such a casualty because the ship at the time was running under full pressure with all sails set in a half storm on account of fair wind blowing right into every stick of canvas on the four masts. It was stated by the sailors that the ship for the last 36 hours had been running fully 19 Miles per hour in such a speed against the rock would result in the ship going to atoms.

    December 4. A child dead belonging to a married parent from Thyland in North Jutland. Also a middle aged girl from Bavaria. She had been laid up in the Hospital nearly on the whole voyage. 5. Great joy on board as we can see New Zealand, but unfortunately no wind to bring the ship forward.

    6. A Steamer is in sight which will take our ship into Port Chalmers Harbour. Here is beautiful forest on both sides of the Harbour where the birds are singing and cattle on grass amongst the trees. We have received provisions from Dunedin consisting of fresh white bread, milk, bacon, vegetables also liberality of freight and good fresh water.

    16 December. Two families who had each a sick child were sent from the ship to Quarantine on a small island near Port Chalmers.

    24. We left the ship for the Emigrants Barracks, Princes Street, Dunedin and had dancing and music there for Christmas Eve, after a fortnights spell on board with a liberal supply of victuals from Dunedin.).
  17. [S755] The Voyage of The Palmerston 1872 (http://andreassend.blogspot.com.au/2009/12/…).
  18. [S755] The Voyage of The Palmerston 1872 (http://andreassend.blogspot.com.au/2009/12/…) (Diary of Christen Christensen,
    A passenger onboard The Palmerston
    Written and translated from Danish
    Arrived in Hamburg on the 21st July 1872.

    Left there 29th July two children died in Hamburg.

    August 1, entered into North Sea in heavy storm nearly everybody seasick. On the 4, one little child dead. Strong head wind, which drove the ship backwards for a good number of miles, which nearly brought the ship on the Cliffs of Heligoland. 6. Entered the English Channel.

    7. Dropped anchor opposite Dover on the coast.

    August 8. Left the Channel in fine weather and fair wind from the North.

    9. A female child born by an unmarried woman from Jutland. 10. Bad behaviour of two German girls who went to bed in the evening with two of the ships sailormen, it came before the Captain who went to the sailors quarters with a whip in his hand and laid it on pretty heavy on the cohabiters in bed, and the unlucky poor girls had to leave the sailors sweet company, with the only garment of a nightdress and had to wait for their clothing till late next morning. Small quantities of black ryebread was supplied to each platoon or ward, and then dog biscuits. All our black bread we had from Hamburg is consumed by this time, only liquid now. Wind West.

    14. We are now in Atlantic Ocean with good wind from the West.

    15. One little child dead the parents belong to Sweden.

    23. A female child dead belong to Sealands parents. South East wind. We can at this time see fishes double the size of horses.

    24. One little child dead belonging to Polish parents.

    25. Last night we come into trade wind and the passengers therefore had some enjoyment as a number of rockets and other fireworks were sent heavenward. We passed today the Island Maderia. Now we have sailed one month, and have now steady eastern wind.
    One man dead today belonging to Norway. He was a widower and had 4 children. The three he left in Christiana and the fourth which was 10 years of age was on board. With him a rumour was circulated amongst the passengers that the man had been stealing a bottle of poison from some person on board so as to poison himself thereby. But that was not so, that was done so as to hide away the real fact, which was done by one of the stewards on board who had to attend to the fumigation of all the occupied quarters below the main deck. It was done once a week by ordering all the passengers below up on to the main deck for the time of fumigation, and the Stewards duty was to see everybody had left below before he started the steaming or rather smoking and to see all hatches and ventilators closed up as to keep all the fumes from escaping. Then the steward brought down two or three buckets of Stockholm tar and placed them on a creating and lighted a coal fire so as to bring the contents to boil for about an hour. But the steward had overlooked to see into the beds so as to make certain that all the people were out, and they were not because this Norwegian was still in his bed sleeping. Afterwards when the people went down again the man was discovered dead in his bed, of suffocation no doubt of the strong poisoned gases from the boiling tar.
    Some ugly rumour soon passes amongst the passengers relating to the poor mans death, that gave the Captain some concern, as he did not like to have an investigation of the unlucky circumstances after the arrival in New Zealand because he would know it would likely be a serious matter for him and the steward, therefore he told the people on board that it was his intention to take the boy belonging to the dead man to bring him up himself as he had no children. That promise gave satisfaction to some of the passengers, not knowing the devious side of that promise by the Captain. The boy (later noted), was kept on board the ship until the last day before going away then the boy was told that he was to travel along with some person to serve in Oamaru district and to have a different name instead of his own. That was meant so he could not be traced by any of his ships companions, so ended that honourable promise of a German Ships Captain.

    27th August died my lovely little daughter Annabel Christensen at 11.00 pm after 5 weeks illness. She was born on the 12 December 1870 and was 1 year 8 months and 15 days old.

    Today Monday the 9 September died a four year old child born in Thyland north part of Jutland. These people had two children and both have died on the ship.

    12. Dead a three year old child belonging to Polish parents.

    16. A Norwegian girl gave birth to a stillborn child.
    We are nearly over the strong hot climate which is just the middle center between the North and South Poles called the Sun Line, our passage across that Godforsaken part of our travel lasted almost for three weeks, and full of suffering for good many of the passengers. The first part of the three weeks was very still scarcely a breath of wind and in consequence thereof did the rigging of ropes and tackle stretch and constantly slack and therewith make an intolerable noise to such an extent that it seemed that the whole rigmarole would break down, and so did the topyard on the main mast. It was brought on deck in two pieces in the awful rolling of the ship on account of the heavy seas. But the worst of all was that our water tanks were almost empty at these times and the little which was left got rotten of the abominable heat and was churned backward and forward in the tanks. Then there was the rust from the old iron chains, so a good dose of vinegar was put down in the few buckets of water so as to take the bad taste of rust, for all that it was a horrible drink. It made even coffee or tea smell and tasted rotten. A lot of people could be seen after drinking to spit and cough for to cleanse their mouth. But the last half of their ungodly plimas time was a relief so far as water is concerned because it started with a down pour of rain like it came from a sluice gate. Men and boys undressed themselves and laid down on the deck for a warm bath and drank rain water till they were nearly bursting. Canvas was spread in the lower rigging so as to catch the rain water for the tanks.

    On the 17 September we saw Cliffs of stone as big as an ordinary City that was what is called St Paul's Rock, Height 3042 Ft. A young single man dead.

    Wednesday 18th September. My wife has born us a daughter at half past eleven last night.

    29. Very calm.

    October 2. Today's sailing has been very slow as the wind is coming from the West which is against our course. Just now it blows almost in full force and heavy waves dash against the ships and some of them come aboard. A person cannot stand or go without holding on to something. During the day heavy snow has been coming down. It is the first snow we have seen on this side of the Equator.

    5. It is very cold. We must take to our woolen garments and underwear. We have still stormy weather in the passage at the southwest coast of Africa which is called the Cape of Good Hope, or in Danish the Gode Haabs Forgerg, but of course the ship was perhaps 400 or 500 miles out in the Pacific Ocean at the time.

    6. There was some misunderstanding between Danish and Norwegian companions, against some Germans.

    7. October last night at 2 0'clock died a boy of one and a half years belonging to a Shellan parent, Yensen by name, the little fellow had been ill for about three weeks.

    11. A girl born by a Polish married woman.

    29. Died a girl by name of Serinne belonging to some place in Jutland.

    November 1st. A son is born of a Swedish mans wife. My son Christian has been laid up in the Hospital for 8 days suffering of scarlet fever, but will soon be well again.

    November 3. My son Christian is out from Hospital today. A Polish married women has born a female child.

    November 8. Died a boy seven and a half years old, his parents come from Jutland.

    13. Died one and a half year old boy belonging to Polish parents. Until today's date are 17 children born and 15 dead in this ship all told, of less than 300 passengers and far from the end of the voyage.
    It is today the Captains Birthday, consequently a great flare up in the evening and all the men got a big knobler of brandy and the women folk got wine. The children each a packet of currants and prunes. And afterwards dancing and also some sing song. For all that, the corpse of a boy was laying ready for to be sent to the bottom of the Pacific Ocean. But he was put at the one end and the dancing was at the other end of the married passengers saloon.
    I will give a little description of the interior of that Compartment which serves for bedrooms, dining room, sitting room, tea room, and I may mention dressing room also and in bad weather as laundry. Therefore it cannot be wondered at that so many unlucky children have to go overboard and the worst of all in extra bad weather the Gangway from below on to the deck is always blocked by fastening the hatches over the sternway to prevent the seawater and heavy rain to come down in the Saloon which contains first, second, and third class passengers, but no distinction in the crowd. We are all as one in our unhappiness and painful surrounds, Because here in this ship are happenings going on which can baffle and astonish the most astute person. Our Quarter (excuse me) Saloon is midship about 130 feet long and the full width of the ship, 40 ft.
    The bunks or shall I call them beds are on the two and two principle, one above the other and 3 ft 6 in broad but how long I will not mention. In front of all the beds is nice seats made of nine inves boards, no doubt for comfort. The dinner tables are constructed so as to be hung up under the desk to allow more floor space when not needed to serve for our dainty menu or meals. The seats along the tables, for we have no chairs, are top heavy and cannot stand by themselves when they are not lashed by weight of occupation when heavy seas are running and that is almost every day and night. This is called the Pacific Ocean, but oh what a misnomer - truly. The single mens habitation is forward of ours and girls or unmarried women just behind, the reverse would not do as the crew occupy the forward part and the Captain and the Doctor and other officers also as well as the Hospital and Chemist Shop.

    November 17th. A girl is born of a Shetland parent.

    27. A girl born of Polish parents.

    29. We had a narrow escape as the ship in a dense dark spell was within a few feet of a towering cliff which the Captain stated in the morning was not marked on the sea chart. If the ship had got in touch with the rock there would likely not have been anybody left to tell the horrible result of such a casualty because the ship at the time was running under full pressure with all sails set in a half storm on account of fair wind blowing right into every stick of canvas on the four masts. It was stated by the sailors that the ship for the last 36 hours had been running fully 19 Miles per hour in such a speed against the rock would result in the ship going to atoms.

    December 4. A child dead belonging to a married parent from Thyland in North Jutland. Also a middle aged girl from Bavaria. She had been laid up in the Hospital nearly on the whole voyage. 5. Great joy on board as we can see New Zealand, but unfortunately no wind to bring the ship forward.

    6. A Steamer is in sight which will take our ship into Port Chalmers Harbour. Here is beautiful forest on both sides of the Harbour where the birds are singing and cattle on grass amongst the trees. We have received provisions from Dunedin consisting of fresh white bread, milk, bacon, vegetables also liberality of freight and good fresh water.

    16 December. Two families who had each a sick child were sent from the ship to Quarantine on a small island near Port Chalmers.

    24. We left the ship for the Emigrants Barracks, Princes Street, Dunedin and had dancing and music there for Christmas Eve, after a fortnights spell on board with a liberal supply of victuals from Dunedin.).
  19. [S756] The Otago Witness, Dunedin, New Zealand, 28 Dec 1872.
  20. [S932] New Zealand - Electoral Rolls 1853-1981, Region of Otago, District of Dunedin 1880-1881 p.2.
  21. [S1251] The Evening Star, Dunedin, New Zealand, https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/…

    BIBLIOGRAPHIC DETAILS
    Evening Star, Issue 5572, 17 January 1881, Page 3.
  22. [S326] New Zealand Birth Certificate, Central Registry 1884 No.3218 (14/18A 486).
  23. [S265] Victoria, Death Certificate, Registry of Births, Deaths & Marriages 1913 No.2898.
  24. [S265] Victoria, Death Certificate, Registry of Births, Deaths & Marriages 1901 No.9587.
  25. [S1250] The Otago Daily Times, Dunedin, New Zealand, https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/…

    BIBLIOGRAPHIC DETAILS
    Otago Daily Times, Issue 6227, 25 March 1882, Page 3.
  26. [S933] New Zealand Directories,New Zealand (1866-1954), 1887-1888 Dunedin p.150.
  27. [S8] Victoria, Birth Certificate, Registry of Births, Deaths & Marriages 13272/1889.
  28. [S355] Sands and McDougall Directories,Victoria, Australia (various dates), 1891 p.692.
  29. [S355] Sands and McDougall Directories,Victoria, Australia (various dates), 1892 p.684.
  30. [S355] Sands and McDougall Directories,Victoria, Australia (various dates), 1893 p.654.
  31. [S929] Victoria, Rate Books, 1855-1963 City of Fitzroy [copy of VPRS 377] [1864-1901] James Street 1892.
  32. [S953] Church of England, Extracted Parish Records, 1872-1955 Name: Lily Hawthorn Cheyne; Gender: Female; Birth Year: abt 1884; Confirmation Date: 11 Jul 1897; Confirmation Age: 13; Confirmation Place: Melbourne, Bourke, Victoria, Australia; Parish: St Peter.
  33. [S355] Sands and McDougall Directories,Victoria, Australia (various dates), 1901 p.835.
  34. [S921] The Age, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 20 Jul 1901 p.5.
  35. [S934] Victoria Cemeteries Ancestry.com, Name: Robert Cheyne, Death Date:     1 Mar 1913, Burial Place: Victoria, Australia, Cemetery: Melbourne, Section: DD, Grave number: 1244A, Religion: C-E.